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A capacitor is an electronic component that is used to store electrical energy. It is made up of two metal plates, which are separated by a non-conductive material called a dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the plates, electrons flow from one plate to the other, storing energy in the electric field between the plates. The amount of energy stored in the capacitor depends on the capacitance, which is a measure of the capacitor's ability to store charge.

Capacitors are used in a wide range of electronic circuits, from simple power supplies to complex audio amplifiers and radio frequency filters. They are also used in electric motors, electric vehicles, and many other applications.

One of the most common types of capacitor is the ceramic capacitor. This type of capacitor is made up of two metal plates separated by a ceramic material. Ceramic capacitors are inexpensive, reliable, and can operate at high frequencies. They are commonly used in power supplies, audio amplifiers, and other electronic circuits.

Another common type of capacitor is the electrolytic capacitor. This type of capacitor is made up of two metal plates separated by a paper or plastic dielectric, which is impregnated with an electrolyte. Electrolytic capacitors are larger and more expensive than ceramic capacitors, but they can store more energy per unit volume. They are commonly used in power supplies, audio amplifiers, and other electronic circuits where high capacitance values are required.

The tantalum capacitor is a type of electrolytic capacitor that is smaller and more stable than the aluminum electrolytic capacitor. It is commonly used in portable electronic devices, such as smartphones and tablets.

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